Don’t Underestimate the Complications of GERD

Ohana Magazine – Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is far more than an occasional annoyance. For those who live with it, the burning sensation in the chest—commonly called heartburn—can disrupt work, sleep, and overall well-being. But according to gastrointestinal expert Prof. Ari Fahrial Syam, Sp.PD-KGEH, the real threat lies in what happens if GERD goes untreated.

“When stomach acid constantly hits the esophagus lining, it causes irritation that can eventually transform into Barrett’s esophagus,” Prof. Ari explained during a health education session in Jakarta (14/8/2025). Over time, this irritation can develop into something far worse—esophageal cancer.

Acid That Strikes Beyond the Esophagus

Acid reflux doesn’t just stop at the throat. It can travel higher and cause trouble elsewhere, leading to chronic coughing, repeated asthma flare-ups, and even voice loss. In severe cases, the acid can injure the esophagus so badly that bleeding occurs. “Acid reflux should never be taken lightly. It can harm the esophagus directly and damage other organs indirectly,” Prof. Ari stressed.

How to Detect GERD Early

Doctors use several tools to diagnose GERD. They might monitor stomach acid levels for 24 hours or perform an esophagogram endoscopy, inserting a tiny camera to examine the esophagus for any lesions. “Endoscopy lets us see exactly what’s happening inside,” Prof. Ari said.

The Next Generation of Treatment

Most doctors start with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to lower stomach acid. But for some patients, PPIs lose their effect over time. A new class of medication—potassium-competitive acid blockers (PCABs)—offers a faster, longer-lasting solution. PCABs act directly in the stomach and work anytime, regardless of when you eat.

Lifestyle Changes That Make a Difference

Medication works best when paired with healthy habits. Prof. Ari advises reducing high-fat and high-salt foods, avoiding alcohol, quitting smoking, and cutting down on caffeine.

GERD may begin as a minor discomfort, but if ignored, it can spiral into life-threatening conditions. The right treatment, timely diagnosis, and smart lifestyle choices can keep both your digestive system and your health intact.